Phases of Opration Research free essay sample

Or then again models are essentially numerical models speaking to frameworks, procedure or condition in type of conditions, connections or formulae. The exercises in this progression is to characterizing interrelationships among factors, detailing conditions, utilizing known OR models or looking through reasonable exchange models. The proposed model might be field tried and changed so as to work under expressed natural limitations. A model may likewise be changed if the administration isn't happy with the appropriate response that it gives. Step IV.Selection of Data Input It is a built up certainty that without genuine and suitable information the consequences of the OR models can't be trusted. Thus, taping right sort of information is a fundamental advance In OR process. Significant exercises in this progression are investigating interior outer information and realities, gathering suppositions and utilizing PC information banks. The motivation behind this progression Is to have adequate contribution to work and test the model. Step V. Arrangement and Testing In this progression the arrangement of the issues Is gotten with the assistance of model and information Input. We will compose a custom exposition test on Periods of Opration Research or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Such an answer isn't actualized Immediately and this arrangement Is utilized to test the model and to discover Its Limitations If any. In the event that the arrangement Is not sensible or If the model Is not carrying on appropriately, refreshing and alteration of the model Is considered at this stage. The final product of this progression Is arrangement that Is alluring and underpins current authoritative destinations. Step VI. Execution of the Solution This Is the last period of the OR study.In OR the dynamic Is choosing however usage of choice includes numerous conduct issues. In this manner, laborers and bosses to stay away from further clashes. The hole among the board as well as researcher may offer some opposition yet should be disposed of before arrangement is acknowledged in totality. Both the gatherings should assume positive job, since the usage will help the association in general. An appropriately executed arrangement acquired through OR methods brings about improved working conditions and wins the executives support.

Green House Planet essays

Green House Planet expositions Have you seen that the summers have been getting somewhat hotter? Have you seen that the winters are not as long as they used to be? Or on the other hand that the winters are not exactly as cold? Have you asked why? Its because of the nursery impact. Whats the nursery impact? The green house impact is the ascent in temperature that the Earth encounters on the grounds that specific gases in the climate (water, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for instance) trap vitality from the sun. Without these gases, warmth would escape once again into space and Earths normal temperaturewould be around 60 degrees farenhiet colder (1). This is the thing that we call the Natural Greenhouse Effect. This should occur. Yet, what is befalling our planet is known as the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect. This is the place the characteristic degrees of these gases begin to rise and concentrate hence making the Earths common temperature rise. This is a multiplied edge blade. The expansion in centraliza tion of carbon dioxide isn't really an awful thing. Plants blossom with marginally higher groupings of carbon dioxide and regular vegetation consequently can become quicker and more advantageous to help clean our air. Be that as it may, whats causing this expansion in these gases? The fundamental guilty party or cause would be expanded human action or all the more absolutely, The Industrial Revolution. New modern procedures, farming strategies, and a quick development in human populace all add to this procedure. With current modern machines chugging ceaselessly regular, heaving smoke and different poisons noticeable all around its no big surprise gas focuses are expanding. Since the start of the mechanical transformation, environmental convergences of carbon dioxide have expanded almost 30%, methane fixations have dramatically increased, and nitrous oxide focuses have ascended by about 15% (2). The greater part of mainstream researchers concurs that the mass utilization of petroleum derivatives is a ... <!

Service Tax On Website And Mobile Ads From 1st Oct

Service Tax On Website And Mobile Ads From 1st Oct Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Service Tax On Website And Mobile Ads From 1st OctUpdated On 10/01/2016Author : HBB Guest AuthorTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1lFzIkP CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThe Budget 2014 brought in a major amendment which has impacted the whole online industry and especially the content industry wherein most of the Indian bloggers earn money through Ad Sales. Arun Jaitley while presenting the Budget 2014 announced that now Service Tax @ 12.36% would also be levied on Ad Sales on Digital Media i.e. Websites Mobiles.The date from which the Service Tax on Online Ad Sales would be applicable was not announced. However, last week on 25th August â€" the Ministry of Finance released Notification No. 18-2014 stating that Service Tax on Ad Sales on Websites and Mobiles would be applicable from 1st Oct 2014. The same has been reaffirmed by Pt 1.3 of this letter dated 2 5th Aug.Service Tax On Website And Mobile AdsWhat Is Service Tax? When any good is manufactured in a factory â€" Excise Duty is levied. When any good is sold in retail â€" VAT is levied. Similarly, when any service is provided â€" Service Tax is levied. These 3 are the most common types of Indirect Taxes which are levied on a business.Service Tax is levied on all types of services in India except a few specified services. Earlier, Ad Sales on Websites and Mobiles was also included in these specified services (also known as Negative List of Services) but from 1st Oct 2014, Digital Ad Sales won’t form a part of the Negative List and therefore Service Tax would be levied.From 1st July 2012 till 30th Sept 2014, Digital Ad Sales were specifically exempted from the levy of Service Tax. However, from 1st Oct 2014 Service Tax @ 12.36% would be applicable on all digital ad sales. It is pertinent to note here that other services provided by Website owners like Affiliate Sales, SEO Consultan cy, Commission Income etc were earlier as well chargeable to service tax and would now also be chargeable to Service Tax.Computation of Service TaxThis Service Tax is not to be paid by the Businessman from his own pocket but is required to be collected from the person to whom the sale has been made. Let me explain this with the help of an example.The best example which I can think of and which most of you would be able to correlate with is the Internet Bill or the Telephone Bill. Over and above your usage charges, these service providers levy Service Tax @ 12.36%. The Service Tax collected from you by the Service Provider is deposited with the Govt. Therefore, the component of Service Tax collected from you does not go into the pockets of the Service Provider as it is deposited with the Govt.READFilmora Released Its Most Important Upgrade - Filmora9Just like these Telecom Service providers charge Service Tax from you and deposit the same with the Govt, the website owner on whose web site the ad has been displayed would be required to collect the same from the company whose product is being advertised.The manner of levy of Service Tax would be as follows:-Ad Sales Rs.20,00,000Service Tax @ 12.36% Rs.2,47,200Total amount payable (incl. of Service Tax) Rs. 22,47,200This Rs. 2,47,200 collected as Service Tax would then be required to be deposited with the Govt. In case you don’t collect this amount and only charge Rs. 20,00,000 it would be deemed that Rs. 20,00,000 charged is inclusive of Service Tax and in that case the Website owners would be required to pay Service Tax from their own pocket.Exemption from Service TaxCertain exemptions are available from levy of Service Tax which are as follows:-1. Export of Service: If any Service is exported out of India, Service Tax would not be levied on such export of service.2. Small Scale Exemption: Small scale service provider i.e. whose aggregate total value of all services provided during the year to a ll service recipients from all services does not exceed Rs. 10 Lakh can claim Small Scale Exemption. The Rs. 10 Lakh turnover would be computed after excluding the export Sales.Additional Compliance Burden for Website OwnersThe levy of Service Tax will lead to additional compliance burden for Website owners as the following additional things would now be required to be done:-1. Apply for Service Tax Registration2. Collect the Service Tax from the Company who product is being advertised.3. Deposit the Service Tax with the Govt.4. File Service Tax Returns twice every year.This article has been authored by CA Karan Batra from Chartered Club which is a QA Forum for all your Tax Queries.

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Who Was Alexis de Tocqueville

Alexis-Charles-Henri Clà ©rel de Tocqueville was a French legal and political scholar, politician, and historian who is most well known as the author of the book  Democracy in America, published in two volumes in 1835 and 1840. Though not a sociologist by training or trade, Tocqueville is recognized as one of the thinkers that inspired the discipline due to his focus on social observation, his knack for situating current events in historical context (now considered a cornerstone of the sociological imagination), and his interest in the causes of certain social patterns and trends, and of differences among societies.  In all of his works, Tocqueville’s interests lied in the positive and negative consequences of various forms of democracy on various aspects of social life, from economics and law to religion and art. Biography and Intellectual History Alexis de Tocqueville was born on July 29, 1805 in Paris, France.  He was the great-grandson of the statesman Chretien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, a liberal aristocratic victim of the  French Revolution  and a political model for Tocqueville. He was educated by a private tutor until high school and then attended high school and college in Metz, France. He studied law in Paris and worked as a substitute judge in Versailles.   In 1831, Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont, a friend and colleague, traveled to the United States to study prison reforms  and spent nine months in the country. They hoped to return to France with knowledge of a society that would make them fit to help shape France’s political future.   The trip produced the first joint book published by the two,  On the Penitentiary System in the United States and its Application in France,  as well as the first part of Tocqueville’s Democracy in America. Tocqueville spent the next four years working on the final portion of  Democracy in America, which was published in 1840. Largely due to the success of the book, Tocqueville was named to the Legion of Honor, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, and the French Academy. The book was and remains so popular because it deals with issues such as religion, the press, money, class structure, racism, the role of government, and the judicial system – issues that are just as relevant today as they were then. A great deal of colleges in the U.S. use  Democracy in America  in political science, history, and sociology courses, and historians consider it one of the most comprehensive and insightful books ever written about the U.S. Later, Tocqueville toured England, which inspired the book, Memoir on Pauperism. Another book,  Travail sur l’Algerie, was written after Tocqueville spent time in  Algeria in 1841 and 1846. During this time he developed a critique of  assimilationist model French colonialism, which he shared in the book. In 1848 Tocqueville became an elected member of the Constituent Assembly  and served on the Commission responsible for creating the new Constitution of the Second Republic. Then, In 1849, he became Frances Minister of Foreign Affairs. The next year President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte removed him from his post, after which  Tocqueville became quite ill. In 1851 he was imprisoned for opposing Bonaparte’s coup and was barred from holding further political offices. Tocqueville then retreated to private life and wrote  L’Ancien Regime et la Revolution. The first volume of the book was  published in 1856, but Tocqueville was unable to complete the second before he died of tuberculosis in 1859. Major Publications The U.S. Penitentiary System and its Application in France (1833) Democracy in America (1835-1840) The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856) Recollections (1893) Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Sample Based Assessment Tasks Should Be Submitted...

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA Assignment Cover Sheet – External ________________________________________ Please note: All text based assessment tasks should be submitted electronically using learnonline Gradebook. A cover sheet is automatically created and includes your name and student ID therefore you should not upload or embed the document in your assignment. If submitting your assignment in hard copy you should complete and attached this Assignment Cover Sheet. Please check your Course Outline or contact your School Office for assignment submission locations. Name: Brock Traeger-Squires Mail ID 1 1 0 0 1 7 6 1 1 Email: Trabr001@mymail.unisa.edu.au Course code and title: BEHL 1004 - Psychology 1B School: School of Psychology Program Code: LBES Course Coordinator: Georgina Heath Tutor: Sarven McLinton Assignment number: 2 Due date: 10th October 2014 Assignment topic as stated in Course Outline: Essay - Jean Piaget proposed a step-wise sequence of mental development during childhood. Provide an overview of Piaget’s core ideas, discussing the evidence for and against these ideas. I declare that the work contained in this assignment is my own, except where acknowledgement of sources is made. I authorise the University to test any work submitted by me, using text comparison software, for instances of plagiarism. I understand this will involve the University or its contractor copying my work and storing it on a database to be used in future to test work submitted

Against Abortion free essay sample

Against Abortion Abortion has been one of the many controversial topics being an issue in America, and it has been in some parts of world today. People say that abortion is big business, meaning that today it can give America lots of money for all the young girls getting pregnant and making them abort. Teenpregnancy. org, a site managed by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, says that there are 750,000 teen pregnancies annually in America. Some of these pregnancies occur because either there was a rape, peer pressure, or because of television influence.All these cases make abortion hard to resolve, and make people be on one side of the issue according to what they have experienced or heard. Pro-choice people, people that are for abortion, give many reasons why abortion is a good choice. They say that if a girl was raped and left alone, meaning that there will be no â€Å"father† and she is immature, irresponsible, and of coarse inexperienced why would there be a reason to let her have the child. We will write a custom essay sample on Against Abortion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The child will be born in a place with no love, and it will suffer because it will not receive the attention it wants or needs.They also say that a woman has the right to do whatever she wants to her body. If a girl gets pregnant and does not want the child she is â€Å"free† to do go ahead and abort it, it’s her choice. People that support abortion also say that the fetus is not a â€Å"human† yet until it is almost born. Pro-choice women, who have committed abortion, say that the reason why they did it was because the pregnancy was an accident; and that she is not ready to take care of a child. They usually state this, â€Å"†¦parenting is a hard important job and must be voluntary. They also mention that they have rights in choosing when to get pregnant, and when not to. There is a quote from doctor John Parson â€Å"The pro-life movement is having a negative impact on abortion. Sometimes women change their mind while being in the operation table, and we loose money! † He says that women have the right to abort, because it’s what he believes and what he practices. Pro-life people believe that abortion is a crime. Doctors that do abortions don’t have a good heart, all they think is about money. Like doctor Parson, many doctors are in the same line. They don’t care what people say, all they care is for the money and that women don’t change their mind. Pro-life women know the â€Å"fetus† is not a cartilage bone doll, but it is a true human being. According to GravityTeens. com, Nina Whitten chief secretary at an abortion clinic in Dallas, Texas says that she was trained to do telephone merchandise. When a young girl will call for help she will convince her to abort at their clinic, and try to prevent from the girl from changing her mind on aborting. People against abortion say that the â€Å"fetus† is a baby and not a non-human. Dr. Randall says in October’s New Dimensions magazine that women are not aloud to view their ultrasounds because they will see the heartbeat of the child and would change their minds on aborting. This people don’t see or don’t hear, so they lack this information. When the woman is pregnant and wants to get rid of, she is thinking of what she did, and how to solve it. Abortion looks like it is the answer to this problem she got into, but she does not see that she has life in her womb. A doctor at KMC in Bakersfield, Dr. Mark Amin says that at 7 days of pregnancy the blood of the mother flows into the so called fetus and starts to make it function.The blood starts to circulate in the fetus and out to the mother and so on. There is a testimonial of a girl that responded to an article that said that if we that are against abortion were to be raped, we would support abortion. She responded by saying that she her self was raped, and considered abortion. She later changed her mind and now she forgave the person that raped her, and she loves the twin boys that she had. She takes care of them and both are now two years and a half. She mentions that she is glad that she considered not aborting, because her conscience will follow her forever reminding her of what she did.Not only do abortion kills a little human, but also it messes up the mind of the woman. According to Prolife Answers To Prochoice Arguments by Randy Alcorn, teens have a tendency to have fun, not looking at the consequences and the hard choices to come. Sex is fun, but they don’t want the responsibilities that come after the fun is over. Alcorn mentions that teens are â€Å"blinded†, because they think that the world circles around them. This means that teenagers think they know it all, and don’t need advice or people telling them what is right or wrong.This thought blinds the young woman and not only gets her in trouble, but it makes her make a choice that will mess up her entire life. There is more than just killing the baby, and that is tormenting it inside its mother’s womb. Abortion doctors don’t feel what the baby feels when getting its body parts cut off, but they feel the good feeling of the check he or she is about to receive. Not all doctors agree with this opinion, Garson Romalis a Canadian abortion doctor does what he does because of the bad memories of women who suffered because they could not abort. He attended Cook County hospital in Chicago were all these nightmares were waiting for him. He remembers the women that were really stressed because they were going to die giving birth. He gave them a comfortable, and quick â€Å"operation† that saved their lives. He ends his article with a story of a young woman that was being a second year medical student and wouldn’t accomplished that if this doctor wouldn’t have done the abortion on her. This story does move our hearts, but it wasn’t the baby’s fault to die in the place of the mother.The mother is achieving her goals, and the baby paid the price for what the mother chose on getting pregnant. Maybe it was a rape, but it is not the baby’s fault to die, neither to come to this world. Pro-life people say that there is still a murder, taking place because the woman giving birth is going to die. They say that it is better to kill the fetus, and let the mother live. The mother should have a little love for the child and be willing to die for what happened, instead of letting the child take her place. Even though there are pro and cons for abortion, there is a truth that both pro-life and pro-choice people recognize.That truth is that women are the ones to choose about their pregnancy, whether to abort or keep the child. It is the abortion clinics and the against abortion programs that influence women all around the world. People that support the abortion clinics are the ones who don’t care for the advice and comments given, all they care is sex, happiness for everyone, and peace. People that supports against abortion programs know that it is wrong, and want to stop it. Sadly, people that are against the good will are winning, because corrupt leaders are being elected that support all these corrupted issues.

Pincher Martin Essay Example

Pincher Martin Essay Pincher Martin, Goldings most powerful and greatest literary achievement, has certain elements that enable us to discern it as a novel of situation. The competition against the sea by a Naval Officer for survival is the basic tension and conflict before death and endows this relevant situation with some kind of religious sanctity. It is a complex work of art, and it appears to be the most significant expression of Goldings capacity to fuse content and form in the novel. The novel has a very simple story. What we enjoy in the novel is the soul-drama of the protagonist. Martin, the naval officer is thrown into the North Atlantic at the time of attack from a submarine. Once in the vast Ocean, he fights for life and finds a rock in the ocean for help. Having reached it and occupying it, he began finding ways of escape. The novel is filled with Martins thoughts and recollections of the by gone days. This offers a peep-hole to look into the secret in a hopeless situation on the Rock, in North Atlantic Sea. Since the novelist gives importance to the situation, it is no question whether Martin died within the second page of the novel itself or suffered for seven days. The story is about Martin and his struggle and suffering and his death becomes sublime, which is therefore non-specific with regard to time. We will write a custom essay sample on Pincher Martin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pincher Martin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pincher Martin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Pincher Martin the psychology of the protagonist in isolation seems to be related to the basic theme of the novel. The isolation of Martin makes him aggressive, even though he has nobody other than the elemental forces to fight against. As stated earlier the novel presents a competitive situation, the man in competition with the sea. Pincher Martin is in competition with the sea. The competitive spirit is part of the aggressive behavior of human beings. Martin is aggressive against God and the elemental forces. He is very adamant and competitive in spirit and this is a sign of the aggressive drive of human mind. An extended elaboration of the aggressive drive in Martin is necessary to make his position explicit. The situation of man in extremity many drown him in sin. The natural depravity of man is the cause of violence in him. Man may show the spirit of aggression against the force of circumstances. This psychology of the aggression of human mind can be detected in the struggle of Pincher Martin. Even though Martin is ineffectual in the isolated surroundings, his mind is competitive in spirit as he longed to preserve his precious life. Golding himself, a member of the Royal Navy for a time was in command of a ship during the war. Hence a very clear-cut description of the working of the mind of the naval personal id made possible. Goldings experience of the dangers of war and mans lack of reasoning during war time might have inflicted an unrecognizable psychological obsession in his mind. His experience of the war might have shown to him the cause of the aggressive drive of human beings. Th e sailors are proud to be competitive and are eager to take up challengers. Many of them are ever confident like Martin and are competitive in spirit. As in Lord of The Flies, her also the survival-adventure situation is prominent. Martin is in situation, as he is caught between survival and death. It may be noted that Martin is mixing his supposedly real situation on the rock with memories of his past and fears of his future. Here neither survival nor extinction is the problem, but the critical moment in between the two, the tormenting flashbacks of his past life. The whole drama is on the rock, and the suffering which Martin undergoes is the situation in which he is. This may be symbolic of the battle of all men for salvation. Having discussed the theme, the impact of the form and method of the novel may be examined. There is only one character in the novel that deserves a name and the whole story revolves round him. This one and only worthy character is placed in situation. His thoughts are determined by the situation and the character is not allowed to progress in the first four chapters. Martin appears to be a very vigorous spirit, with a challenging mood, ready to face the perilous process of living. Martin is put in a seemingly heroic atmosphere, and he fights heroically about in his passion. But this development into heroic stature is limited and subjected to the demands of the situation. As Golding stresses here on situation his protagonist has become a doomed modern hero, greedy for survival at all costs. From the very first page of the novel onwards, we are allowed to see the picture of Martins self and thereby knowledge is created that Christopher Hardly Martin is not simply a Naval Officer, but more than that, he is Everyman. By placing the hero between the devil and the mid-sea, which is not a totally unexpected situation for the mariner, Golding has been able to suffuse the universal tragic situation into his novel. Even though characterization is not stressed upon, Goldings Martin becomes heroic, since the tragic intensity of the situation increases his importance. So the method of subordinating character to situation in order to achieve depth displays the form as such of the novel of situation. If we are to accept the period of struggle lasting for seven days we can detect each days agony as each stage in his passage to the Otherworld. In the first days struggle, Martin pledges that he will not so willingly let himself die. He thinks high of himself and believes that his self is something very precious to be preserved. So he decides to fight against nature to preserve his life and thinks that upholding it is considered to be proof of life. His thoughts are hard and at the same time unconnected, but they nourish a central idea-his strong determination to live. This is proof of ego, and Golding has expressed his view that Martin is greatly egocentric.

Juvenile Statistics in Criminal Activities

Juvenile Statistics in Criminal Activities Introduction Juveniles consist of young children and youth offenders who have not yet attained the age of adulthood (in most cases eighteen years) while Juvenile delinquency is the engagement of children and youthful offenders in criminal activities. Crime is an aspect that has raised concern among individuals, groups and organizations especially due to its increased rate among both the juveniles and the adults.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Juvenile Statistics in Criminal Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are various reasons that facilitate the indulgence of individuals especially the juveniles into criminal activities for instance peer pressure, emulation of people and the desire to copy and be like them, poor upbringing for example where the parents or caregivers do not offer guidance towards good behaviour, poverty due to unemployment and lack of education among others. There are vari ous strategies that could be applied in the correction of the juvenile delinquents all with their positive and negative impacts on the offenders depending on their effectiveness (Finley, 2007). This paper looks into the issue of juvenile delinquency with much emphasis being given to the recent trends in this field and the factors associated with them. Discussion Just like in any other aspect, there are observable trends when it comes along the issue of juvenile delinquency. One notable trend is the decrease in the number of juvenile delinquent arrests that were made between 1998 and 2007 as shown in table 1 of this assignment. There are various reasons that contribute to indulgence of children and the youths into criminal activities. They include poverty and peer pressure among others. Consequently there exist various factors that could lead to the reduction in the levels or rates of juvenile delinquent arrests, which follows a decline in the engagement of the juveniles in criminal activities that could in one way or the other cause an alarm to the society and the justice law enforcement systems. From table 1, there was a significant decrease in the rate of juvenile arrests in 2007. Larceny theft for instance accounted for approximately 300,300 juvenile arrests. Between 1998 and 2007, the decrease rate was 32% which is a considerable fall. The information in the table also shows that violent index that consists of aggravated assault, robbery, forcible rape as well as murder and non negligence manslaughter decreased over the years. This is however with the exception of juvenile arrests for murder, which increased between tear 2006- 2007 by a slight percentage (3%).Advertising Looking for critical writing on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In regard to gender, statistics show that women juvenile accounts for a relatively fewer number of arrests as compared to the male counterparts. In 2007, for instance, the females accounted for approximately 17% of juvenile crime index arrests, 33% of juvenile disorderly conduct arrests and 35% of juvenile property crime index arrests. This could be accrued to a variety of reasons for instance the fact that some crimes seem more daring to the females and they find themselves shying away from them. This is not the same case for the men and thus their arrest rates seem to be relatively high compared to those linked with the men. Although there have been a notable positive move in regard to juvenile delinquency in regard to the rate of arrests, it is also clear that the problem has not been dealt with completely. For example, in the year 2007 children and youths under the age of 15 amounted for 28% of the total juvenile arrests for violent crime index offences. They also accounted for approximately 31% of the total property crime index offences. This rate is neither too low nor too high and thus the need to take necessary acti ons to avoid exacerbating the rate but rather keeping the rate to the minimum rate possible. It is also clear that one reason that can be attributed to a decrease in rate of juvenile arrest is the trends that have been observed in criminology field including the advancement and sophistication in the criminal ventures due to technology for instance computer based crimes, international terrorism and money laundering, engagement in transnational corporate crime and formation of more transnational organized crime groups with advanced criminal ventures. Although this is a negative aspect, it has greatly helped in setting up of strategies that are aimed at handling the emerging kinds of criminal activities in an effort of reducing the chances of the existing criminal justice systems becoming even more ineffective with a lot of people indulging in crime especially the youths. For this reason, plans aimed at implementing some of the programs that have been identified by various researchers in this field have been put into place to ensure that the juvenile delinquents are handled effectively.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Juvenile Statistics in Criminal Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The programs mainly aim at preventing the youths from indulging in delinquent behaviours, preventing the first-time offenders from further engagement in criminal behaviour and emphasizing family relations. This has greatly reduced the number of both the ordinary as well as the serious juvenile offenders (Burfeind and Bartusch, 2010). Another notable factor is the fact that there have been changes in the field of criminology including the justice systems that are in place to cater for different offences. The juvenile justice system was in a bad situation over the past despite the efforts that had been put in place to improve the condition hence inefficiencies that led to an increase in the rate of crime among the juveniles. However, in the recent past, there have been positive changes for instance the substitution of punishment with discipline which avoids focusing on the young offenders’ deficits or weaknesses but instead establishes a system that builds on their strengths and emphasizes on the benefits of good behaviour through rehabilitation. This has avoided repeated arrests as the juveniles are able to learn of the importance of living a good life that is free from criminal activities. There is no one specific reason as to why there have been the above trends in juvenile delinquency but rather, the issue could be attributed to a combination of factors each making a certain change, whether positive or negative. A variety of bodies and communities have for instance been concerned with juvenile delinquency leading to formation of various programs and approaches aimed at preventing and controlling crime among the juveniles. Some of them include after school programs. There is a tendency of youths engaging in crime in after school hours since their parents are at work and hence no supervision. These programs therefore reduce the chances of indulging in crime. Early family intervention has also helped in preventing and reducing juvenile cases in USA and other parts of the world. This includes counseling that enables good upbringing thus reducing chances of engaging in delinquent behaviour. In addition, alternative justice operations have been adopted. Special courts have for example played a great role in rehabilitating delinquent children and youth in an effort of preventing repeat offences.Advertising Looking for critical writing on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because the delinquents are equipped with relevant social skills that enable them to cope with general life situations. This is as opposed to when they were subjected to harsh punishment conditions which instead of correcting them, they made them rebellious. Another factor that is attributed to the decline in juvenile cases between 1998 and 2007 is the existence of job training programs. This equips the youths with necessary skills that allow them to secure employment chances. This avoids idleness and poverty that could make the youth indulge in criminal activities as a way of hiding their embarrassment and seeking a source of livelihood (Scott and Steinberg, 2008). Conclusion From the above study, it is evident that the importance of effective interventions for juvenile offenders can not in any way be underemphasized as the group forms a significant portion of the overall criminal offenders worldwide (from statistics). For this reason, they pose a great challenge to the soc iety and also to the criminal justice bodies or agencies in relation to the seriousness of their offences and also the high frequency in which they carry out the criminal activities. There have been some improvements in interventions methods used in handling these offenders to enhance effectiveness of justice systems in order to deal with this ordeal in an appropriate manner. It is clear that there have been a good move in regard to the rates of the criminal cases among the juveniles. The major reason for the decline is the improvements that have been done in the judicial system and more so how those caught committing criminal activities are treated. Reference List Burfeind, J and Bartusch, J. D. (2010). Juvenile Delinquency: An Integrated Approach. 2nd Ed. New York: Jones Bartlett Learning Finley, L. L. (2007). Encyclopedia of Juvenile Violence. London: Greenwood Publishing Group. Scott, S.E. and Steinberg D.L (2008). Rethinking Juvenile Justice. USA: Harvard University Press.

Give each page of a fallacy topic that are related to it Research Paper

Give each page of a fallacy topic that are related to it - Research Paper Example Adolf Hitler once said that people can be easily influenced if you use some psychological formulas in order to persuade them. A formal fallacy, on the other hand, is one which involves an error in the technical arrangement or the structure of an argument. The conclusion of such argument could be true but the argument, itself, is invalid. An ad hominem argument is one in which a person attacks the other party rather than addressing the argument and the question itself. It is an effective way of ignoring the question asked and answering by blaming or criticizing the other party ( Top Ten Logical Fallacies In politics, Web). This is a fallacy not because people claim that the argument is wrong but because the negative characteristics of people making the argument. This is a means through which people try to discredit the argument of the counter party by disclosing their negative traits. This type of a fallacy is highly common among politicians who, rather than commenting on the issue at hand, try to blame the other party in order to create hype especially among the media. This successfully distracts the opponent as well as the audience and media from the question or issue at hand. These personal comments might even affect a voter`s opinion about the opponent`s political position. Ad hominem is further divided into two categories: abusive and circumstantial. Abusive fallacy is when a person comments on the personal character or qualities of the opponent. This is an effective disruption as the opponent tries to defend himself and is distracted from the topic. Circumstantial fallacy is when certain circumstances involving the opponent are brought up in order to divert the attention of the audience or the opponent himself. (Argumentum Ad Hominem, Web). One recent example of this fallacy is when President Obama, during his speech, said that â€Å"Gov. Romney "would ask the middle class to pay more in taxes to

Hume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hume - Essay Example Hume wrote a book on religion known as the â€Å"Dialogues concerning Natural Religion†. Following is a piece from that literature: â€Å"an eternal inherent principle of order to the world† In this piece of conversation Hume is arguing on the principle of religion and the ideology propagated by the religious texts and other literature. He says that the religion has been propounded as the order to the world. The religious people always based their theory tp be the world of God and Hume is questioning the same theory by making a sarcastic point with effect that all this is a theory in nature and nothing else. The reality is something according to Hume. To this point Philo says that religion is the ultimate truth in the universe and that those who do not follow religion and despise should be given a punishment so that they understand the importance of religion as well as believe in them. To this point Hume says that all this is propaganda by the religious organizations wh o try to turn people into believing the religion of their choice so as to include maximum number of people into this theme to make their ideology powerful, but in reality there is nothing like religion which exists. He goes on to say that there are other means to achieve salvation and self-satisfaction in the world. He says that the human mind is strong enough to find the way on its own and does not need the influence of religion in its life. He says that through wisdom and knowledge of materialistic things around us we may be able to find the true reason for our survival. He believes in the origin of science and says that the only way to live a happy life is to follows the desires of the human mind rather than following what a religious text says. Following is the second quote in the essay: â€Å"The principles themselves and their manner of operation are totally unknown† This is the second quote which shall be analysed in the essay. In this quote Hume says that those who ca me up with the idea of religion themselves do not know how the whole deal with the nature started in the first place. It is a mass agenda with political ambition which has driven the concept of religion in the way as it exists in the world as of today. Following is a quotation to explain the point in a better manner: â€Å"This I affirm, from the infirmities of human understanding, to be altogether incomprehensible and unknown to us. The essence of that Supreme Mind, his attributes, the manner of his existence, the very nature of his duration; these, and every particular which regards so divine a Being, are mysterious to men. Finite, weak, and blind creatures, we ought to humble ourselves in his august presence; and, conscious of our frailties, adore in silence his infinite perfections, which eye hath not seen, ear hath not heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive. They are covered in a deep cloud from human curiosity† Over here it is explained that Hu me does not think that humans are aware of the true picture with respect to the God and his origin, and whether or not he exists in the first place. Religion is an outcome of human curiosity, but according to Hume it is a very weak outcome of such curiosity. He argues on the point that the believers of religion do not want to go that extra mile in search of the truth and it their quest to attain truth and divinity

Teamwork discovery Essay Example for Free

Teamwork discovery Essay Describe team members’ results on the Discovery Wheel and Develop your multiple intelligences exercises. What similarities and differences exist within the team? Looking at our team results as individuals, it appears that we have all had a surprising look into ourselves accurately. We all have learned things about ourselves that we did not realize in the past. For instance, Jacob learned he would like to bring up his reading, Kathleen wants to be more time managed as she grows in her schooling she has learned, Nicole learned she wants to work on many areas in her growth with schooling, and Joni learned she needs to learn how to do testing better throughout schooling as well. Our team has the similarity of a high strength in Purpose. This is pretty much the only prominent high score as a team that we have in common. In the same since, we have looked at our results and we all have many differences. Like mentioned before, Kathleen, Jacob, Nicole, and Joni all want to improve areas throughout their course in their studies in schooling. Kathleen feels she will be stronger as a person once she is able to control her time management, Jacob feels one his reading becomes better he will be able to do better in school and in his life further down the road, Joni feels if she can do a test with less stress she will be able to pass them and accomplish much more through school. As a team we work well together through our weaknesses, because we are all different and have strength in the areas where others are lacking; therefore we work well as a team. 2. What are the advantages of having diversity on a team? What challenges might the team face because of diversity? As a team, we feel there are great advantages to having diversity on a team. We believe that diversity can bring a lot to a team; you can learn new points of view, opinions on how things are being done, and various ways of study that could help each other out. These are advantages, but they can also be seen as challenges in a team as well. The way these areas could be seen as a challenge is, if a team member is set in on specific way of study, does not do well with listening to how things could be approached differently, or they are just plain â€Å"set in their own ways†, then this could cause challenges. 3. How might factors such as diversity, attitude, learning, and work styles affect team building? Factors such as diversity, attitude, learning, and work styles may affect team building if one or more team members are unwilling to adapt to change that may take place; or even the styles of how people learn being different may become an issue. Work styles of how some team members want to get the job done right away and others procrastinate. Many of issues can arise while building your team. Once your team is built, you will know who is strong in areas and you will know where they will be needed the most. 4. Describe team members’ results on the Career Interest Profiler, and the Career Plan Building Activity-Competencies. What similarities and differences exist within the team? As the team, we scored high on Purpose and averaged in mostly everything else. Our low score came in at Reading. Our team has the similarity of Purpose, and a few of us paired up on other areas on where we scored, but overall we have many of differences on how we feel our areas need to be worked on. The differences are that some of us may have scored high in timing and low in other areas, but we fail to have time management. 5. How can you use the knowledge gained in the Career Interest Profiler, and the Career Plan Building Activity-Competencies to improve the performance of the Learning Team? We will stay on task and set early deadlines to make. This will help keep stress levels down to be able to complete the assignments at hand. We will stay in communication better with one another and post more often to find out what is needed; and if there is any confusion it can be clarified within the team or by the instructor if needed. This is what we learned to improve the performance of the Learning Team. 6. What obstacles might arise from different ethical perspectives among team members? There are many obstacles that could arise from ethical perspectives from a team. These obstacles can range from politics, religion, gender, race, or language. The list may go on even further, but these are major obstacles our team could think of. 7. How might these factors, diversity, attitude, learning and work styles, and ethical perspective be used to resolve conflicts? As a team we feel that diversity could be used to solve a conflict by learning the different ways of study that diversity may have to offer. Attitude can resolve conflict if the team comes forth as positive key players and are willing to keep an open mind without taking things personally. Learning new ways and being open to different ways of others’ ways of learning can resolve conflict as well. Taking in consideration that each individual is different and work in different styles may help resolve any conflict with work styles; try different work styles before just assuming you do not like them and keep in consideration they may work for other team members.

The Cuban Missile Crisis :: American America History

The Cuban Missile Crisis The world was at the edge of a third world war. This was the result of a variety of things: the Cuban Revolution, the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion, US anti-communism, insecurity of the Soviet Union, and Cuba's fear of invasion all made causes for war. However, war was not the result due to great cooperation from both President Kennedy and President Khrushchev and each of the decisions made by the leaders was crucial in the outcome of The Crisis. Kennedy's choice to take action by means of quarantine instead of air-strike and Khrushchev's decision to abide by the quarantines were perhaps the two most significant decisions made by the leaders in order to prevent war. The Cuban Missile Crisis showed the world that compromising and discussion can in-fact prevent war. As Khrushchev said in 1962, "They talk about who won and who lost. Human reason won. Mankind won." 1 The world had almost seen another world war, the effects of which would have been devastating because of the weapons involved. Humanity, indeed, was the prevention of the war. The Cuban Revolution was a background cause to the crisis. On January 1st, 1959 a Marxist regime in Cuba would have seemed unlikely. To the communist party in Cuba, Fidel Castro appeared tempestuous, irresponsible and stubbornly bourgeois. In 1943 President Batista appointed a communist to his Cabinet, as he used communists as leaders of the labor unions. Batista started to fail the Cuban communists and their loyalties transferred gradually to Castro, completely by 1958. On December 1st, 1961 Castro declared himself a Marxist and claimed he had always been a revolutionary, studying Das Kapital of Karl Marx. Most Cubans idolized Castro, supported his government and at least accepted his measures.2 He claimed to have a desire to help the poor and said he would have found it impossible to follow the dictates of a single philosophy. His first action in power was to reduce all rents on the island, making the land owners, many of who were American, unhappy. In 1960 Castro was swiftly pushi ng Cuba to the left, and as a result many Cubans left, along with the American investors. There was so much opposition to Castro's developments that he created a Committee for Defense of the Revolution out of fear of invasion from the US, internal guerrilla uprisings, and black marketing "counterrevolutionary activity".

Ascorbic Acid Determination

Determination of Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) concentration in some of Commercial Products, by Redox Titration Mouhannad AL. -Hachamii Sadiq J. Baqir Saadon A. Aowda Fatima A. Hussein, Dep. of chemistry, college of science, Babylon University Muhammed K. Alasedi Ministry of Health Hilla city, Babylon Abstract The goal of this search is to determine the concentration of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid ) in some of a Commercial Products, Vegetables and Fruit Juices by Redox Titration.A redox titration, involving an Iodometric method, has been used to do the analysis.L-Ascorbic acid was first isolated as a pure substance by Albert Azent-Gyorgi and Charles Kingin 1928 [Paulling ,1970] , an anti-oxidant and free radical scavenger, is found ubiquitously in fruit and vegetables such as citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, limes, tangerines etc. ), melons, tomatoes, peppers, broccoli, green leafy vegetables such as spinach, potatoes and turnips, its quantitative determination is especially important in the production of wine, beer, milk, soft drinks and fruit juices, where it can be a quality indicator [Gerrior & Zizza,1994] .Given the essential role played in the human diet and necessary to growth and repair of tissues in all parts of human body . It is necessary to form collagen an important skin proteins ,scar tissue ,tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. vitamin C is essential for the healing of wounds, and for the repair and maintenance of cartilage, bones and teeth [Mcevoy ,1993] . Since vitamin C is easily oxidized, storage and cooking in air leads to the eventual oxidation of vitamin C by oxygen in the atmosphere.In addition, ascorbic acid is water-solubility vitamin means that a significant amount of vitamin C present in a food can be lost by boiling and then discarding the cooking water [Mcevoy ,1993]. The formula for ascorbic acid is C6H8O6 , It occurs as a white or slightly yellow crystal or powder with a slight acidic test , Ascorbic Acid is freely soluble in water; spa ringly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in chloroform, ether, and benzene [Moffat,1986]. The structures for the reduced (ascorbic acid) form and for the oxidized form (dehydroascorbic acid) are shown below: [pic]The amount of ascorbic acid can be determined by a redox titration with a standardized solution of iodine. The iodine is reduced by the ascorbic acid to form iodide. As shown in the other half of this redox equation. [pic] The titration end point is reached when a slight excess of iodine is added to the ascorbic acid solution [Bailey ,1974;Brody,1994;Pauling ,1976;Kalluer,1986]. Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, a disease characterized by weakness, small hemorrhages throughout the body that cause gums and skin to bleed, and loosening of the teeth. Vitamin C can not synthesized through body cells, nor does it store it.It is therefore important to include plenty of vitamin C-containing foods in daily diet. vitamin C toxicity is very rare, because the body can not store the vi tamin however ,amounts greater than 2000 mg/day are not recommended because such high doses can lead to stomach up set and diarrhea. The minimum daily requirement is 30 mg. Well-balanced diets provide adequate amounts of the vitamin as measured by the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of about 75 mg per day for adults (aged 15 or older), less for children, and more for pregnant and lactating women.The National Academy of Sciences recommends the consumption of 60 mg of ascorbic acid per day. . the Federal Food and Drug Administration has adopted the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 60 mg/day A very small daily intake of vitamin C (10-15 mg/day for an adult) is required to avoid deficiency and stave off scurvy. However, there has been, and continues to be, vigorous debate on what the optimum daily intake of vitamin C is. Some have argued that 200 mg/day is an optimal daily intake for adult humans.Others have suggested 1-2 g/day is best, this despite studies that show that the bl ood is saturated with vitamin C at 100 mg/day, and any excess is excreted in the urine [RDA,1995; RDA,1987; Browne. ,1993; FAO/WHO,2002; Levine et al. ,1999; Levine et al. ,1995;Teoh ,1975]. |Recommended daily dietary intake of vitamin C: | | |AUSTRALIA milligrams |U. S. A. illigrams | |Infants: |30 |35 | |Children: |30-50 |45 | |Adult men: |30 |60 | |Adult women: |30 |60 | |Pregnancy (2nd and 3rd |60 |80 | |trimesters) | | | |Lactation: |60 |100 | I2 is not standard solution ,so it may be standardized with thiosulphate solution . Experimental Procedure for determination of [Bailey ,1974; Brody, 1994; Pauling,1976; Kalluer,1986]. 1. Preparation of 0. 005 mol L? iodine solution: Accurately weight two gm of KI and 1. 3g of I2 , dissolved to aless amount of water , shake until dissolving .Transfer iodine solution to a 1L volumetric flask , making sure to rinse all traces of solution in to the volumetric flask using distilled water , completed the volume up to the mark. 2. Preparation o f 0. 5% starch indicator solution: Soluble starch (0. 25gm) to a 100 mL conical flask or beaker and 50 mL of distilled water was added . Solution heated with stirring at 79 0C for 5 minutes , careful must be taken not to exceed the stated temperature. Allow solution to cool to room temperature. 3. Preparation of food/drink sample: Industrial Packaged fruit juices {Orange , Pineapple, Lemon ,Tmrhend and Apple (Miso), Pepsi (khaleek kadha), Red grapes(Niktar), Seven up (Kufa), Pomegranate (Linda) , Tmrhend (Toti), Orange (Dalia), and Granules peach (Rani) } may also need to be strained through cheese cloth if it contains a lot of pulp or seeds. †¢For analysis of vitamin C powders ( Tanc lemon , Tanc orange and livans powders ) dissolved 1 gm in 100mL of distilled water (in a volumetric flask). †¢ For analysis of vitamin C tablets ( Kruger and joiure tablets), dissolved a single tablet in 200 mL of distilled water (in a volumetric flask). †¢ Juice squeezed from fresh fru it (Diala orange , Hilla orange, Egypt orange ,allalinki ,pomegranate and apple Juices ) should be strained through cheese cloth in order to remove seeds and pulp which may block pipettes. Juice squeezed from fresh vegetables ( Tomato ,Onion ,Celery ,Option ,Potato and Lettuce juices ) should be strained through cheese cloth in order to remove seeds and pulp which may block pipettes. †¢Sample of fruit or vegetable (100gm) blended in a food processor together with 50 mL of distilled water. After blending, strain the pulp through cheese cloth, washing it 0mL in a volumetric flask. 4. Aliquot of the sample (20 ml) solution prepared above transfrred into a 250 mL conical flask , about 150 mL of distilled water and 1 mL of starch indicator solution. 5. Sample were titrated with 0. 005 mol L? 1 iodine solution. The endpoint of the titration is identified as the first distinct trace of a dark blue-black colour due to the starch-iodine complex. 6.Titration were repeated with further al iquots of sample solution until concordant results (titres agreeing within 0. 1 mL) were obtained. Results and discussion:- In this research estimating vitamin C in industrial juices (Orange , Pineapple, Lemon, Tmrhend and Apple (Miso), Pepsi (khaleek kadha), Red grapes (Niktar), Seven up (Kufa), Pomegranate (Linda) , Tmrhend (Toti), Orange (Dalia), fruits (Dalia) and Granules peach (Rani)), Kruger and joiure tablets, and Tanc lemon , Tanc orange and livans powders, and natural juices for fresh fruits (Diala orange , Hilla orange, Egypt orange ,mandarin ,pomegranate and apple Juices ) and fresh vegetables ( Tomato , Onion Celery ,cucumber ,Potato and Lettuce juices). It was calibrated using redox way by iodine calibration using starch as indicator , iodine was an adequate oxidizer used for this purpose.Table (1) show the in industrial juices estimated concentration and the proportion of vitamin C. Table (1):The results were obtained below, represent the vitamin C content in some ind ustrial juice in quantity mg / 100 ml and percentage %. |Amount calculated |Industrial product name |Chain | |mg / 100 ml | | | |11. 9 |Orange (Miso) |1 | |49. 4 |pineapple(Miso) |2 | |15. 4 |lemon (Miso) |3 | |14. 2 |Tmrhend (Miso) |4 | |13 |Apple (Miso) |5 | |19 |Pepsi (khaleek kadha) |6 | |35. |Red grapes(Niktar) |7 | |25. 88 |Seven up (Kufa) |8 | |28 |Pomegranate (Linda) |9 | |25. 77 |Tmrhend (Toti) |10 | |19.. 995 |Orange (Dalia) |11 | |13. 33 |fruits (Dalia) |12 | |53. 2 |Granules peach (Rani) |13 | |13. 33 |lemon (Tanc) |14 | |6. 665 |orange (Tanc) |15 | |13.. 33 |orange (livas) |16 | |69.. 95 |vitamin C (Kruger tablets) |17 | |19.. 995 |Vitamins (joiure tablets) |18 | Scheme (1) . Vitamin C content in some industrial juice (mg/100ml) .The result in table (1) and scheme (1) showed the highest concentration of vitamin C in industrial juices found in granules peach juice where concentration is (53. 32) mg / 100 ml and lowest in orange juice (Miso),hitting (11. 49) mg /100 ml ,e ither powder Limon Tanc, the presence of vitamin C according to bulletin declared on the product is 100 %,but the results show that we have reached 89. 9 % and its concentration was (3. 33) mg/100 ml, where results appeared supposed to be the weight of vitamin C (667) mg of origin (45) mg ,results show that this weight (599. 85) mg of origin (45) mg . While orange Tanc powder result of vitamin C amount to 44. 6 % with the amount according to bulletin declared as the products of 100 %,where it should the weight of vitamin C (667) mg of origin (45) mg ,results show that this weight (299. 9) mg of origin (45) mg .Vitamin C tablets – type Krueger according to bulletin declared only that all (1) gm contains (45) mg of vitamin C, but the results we obtained the concentration is (69. 95) mg in (1) gm ,an increase of about (25) mg. Either vitamins fruits tablets – type junior according to bulletin declared only that all (1) gm contains (8. 8) mg of vitamin C but we have receiv ed is (19. 995) mg in (1) gm, an increase of more than double. Where the study showed that the Tmrhend juice (Miso) was vitamin C focus as the results we obtained (25. 7) mg/100 ml ,but according to the bulletin attached descent rate and quality (1. 68) mg/100) ml ,either alimonadah juice (Miso) was its focus as the results we obtained (15. 4)mg/100 ml, but according to the bulletin attached descent rate and quality (0. 1) mg/100 ml. comparing these results with a focus located on the packaging these juices, showing clearly that there was a difference in the percentage concentrated of company to company, And also because of industrial juices and wrong storage methods. The handling and preparation of food products adversely affect the quality of vitamin C in food. since it vulnerable to heat ,oxygen and acid, temperate and alkalinity mediums.With regards to the manufacture of juices, the keepers airtight containers made of sheet metal or glass do not cause the lose of what remains of vitamin C as a result of manufacturing processes only about 10 % while keeping cardboard containers, whether with paraffin layer or polyethylene, they lead to the loss of around 75 % of the past three weeks, even if keeping it in the fridge because these containers do not prevent the access of oxygen to juice and oxidize it, in addition to the work of the upper-packaged juice or occupied by air to oxidize the proportion of juice again, while the addition of carbon alkalinity of the damage vitamin juice damage entirely. Table (2) shows the estimated in natural juice concentration and the proportion of vitamin C .Table (2) :The results were obtained below, represent the vitamin C content in some natural juice in quantity mg / 100 ml . |Quantity Standard |Amount calculated |Natural juices name |Chain | |According to |mg / 100 ml | | | |international | | | | |standards | | | | |mg / 100 mg | | | | |42-50 |98. 64 |Diala orange |1 | |42-50 |107. 1 |Hilla orange |2 | |42-50 |73. 315 |Egyp t orange |3 | |37. |71. 4 |Mandarin |4 | |52. 8 – 72 |63 |pomegranate |5 | |6 |51. 5 |Apple |6 | |13. 6 – 17 |20. 6 |Tomato |7 | |50 |47. 6 |Onion |8 | |14 |22. 1 |Celery |9 | |27 |35. 7 |Cucumber |10 | |11 – 20 |47. 6 |Potato |11 | |75 |83. |Lettuce |12 | | | | | | Scheme (2) : Vitamin C content in some natural juices . In table (2) and scheme (2) the results showed the highest concentration of vitamin C found in orange juice, hitting (107. 1) mg /100ml of juice ,the lowest level was found in tomato juice, when it reached (20. 6)mg /100 ml of juice. Results showed also the presence of vitamin C concentration (107. 1) mg /100ml in naturally orange juice (Hilla),98. 64 mg / 100 ml (Diala) and 73. 315 mg / 100 ml (Egyptian) ,while the concentration of vitamin C in Hilla orange highest from Diala orange which highest more than the Egyptian orange.—– [pic] [pic]

Cereal Marketing Plan Essay - 1382 Words

OMG ACTIVE CEREAL TWO-YEAR MARKETING PLAN By Christine Shao Name and appropriateness of choice OMG is a pet phrase among teenagers and also I want to deliver a message to costumers that the cereal has amazing taste. Our target customers are teenagers, so the word ‘ACTIVE’ is used to describe how the teenagers should be. Summary of market position OMG Active Cereal is a new breakfast cereal which is based on rice bran. Rice bran has a high nutrition value and is rich in anti- oxidants and beta-glucan, which naturally helps lower cholesterol re-absorption. It is made from 100% wholegrain rice imported from China DongBei where produces the top rice in the world. It is also high in fibre, iron and the B vitamins, B1, B2 and niacin. OMG†¦show more content†¦Other notable strengths in OMG Active Cereal include: †¢We will use excellent grocers as global channels of distribution (i.e., Woolworths, Coles, and IGA etc.) †¢ Our pricing strategy is below most of our competition, giving OMG Active Cereal a competitive edge with consumers looking for value for their money. Weakness- A major foreseeable weakness OMG Active Cereal may encounter is that the cereal could be perceived by the public as just another â€Å"nutritious cereal†. There are many kinds of nutritious conscious cereals in today’s market produced by several different companies. Each year, a few more of these cereals are created and placed on each and every grocer’s shelves. A weakness for our newly released cereal could be that breakfast-eating consumers will group OMG Active Cereal along with the average nourishing cereals before eating or becoming cognizant of our cereal’s fantastic features other than especially served for the teenagers. 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Phil Essay - 699 Words

PHIL 1F90: Spring 2011. Second Essay Question ONE (to be answered as a straight-forward philosophical essay): Silenus, the satyr, is, or perhaps pretends to be, a determinist. After all, everything about the satyr, both his nature and nurture, come directly from his creator, Hench. And certainly, at the beginning of the story, Hench accepts full responsibility for the satyr’s actions. But he eventually changes his mind. How can the satyr, all of a sudden, become morally responsible for his actions? What exactly changed in Hench’s thinking? Michael Gorr is a compatibilist. Does his position make better sense than either the determinist or the libertarian? Explain. Question TWO (to be answered as a philosophical essay†¦show more content†¦Photos can be inserted using Word. The space used by the photos will not count in the number of pagesShow MoreRelated Phil Jackson And Buddhism Essay1789 Words   |  8 Pagesformer Chicago Bulls and present Los Angeles Lakers coach Phil Jackson. In this essay I will discuss how Jackson has incorporated some of the practices of Zen Buddhism into his and the players of his teams lives and how it has been effective for the game and the lives of those involved. I will also touch on his use of combined Zen and Christianity along with his extended interest in the Lakota Sioux. â€Å"The Chicago Bulls’ Buddha-like guru Phil Jackson inks the richest coaching deal in N.B.A. historyRead MoreAngelabrafford-Phil Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesAngela Brafford PHIL 201 February 18, 2013 Essay Great philosophers such as Plato, Socrates and Descartes developed theories thousands of years ago which changed the thought processes of many. These theories today are still influencing the lives of others. The Matrix, a very well-known movie released in 1999, retelling Plato’s theory, questioned the existence of reality and /or what we perceive as reality. The Matrix, Plato’s ‘Allegory of the Cave’ and DescartesRead MoreTotal Recall essay (PHIL 1003)851 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Fact or Fiction? Total Recall Paper PHIL 2003-013 Usually at least once in a lifetime a person will question whether a dream was reality or not. It is rare to think â€Å"I am just dreaming† in a dream. In the 1990s movie Total Recall the director, Paul Verhoeven, attempts to illustrate the puzzling question of â€Å"what is reality and what is not?† With Arnold Schwarzenegger in this futuristic flick, the director cleverly confuses the audience about what is â€Å"real† in the movie, making oneRead MorePhil 235 Paternalism Essay2256 Words   |  10 PagesPaternalism in the Medical Profession Philosophy 235 EC: Biomedical Ethics â€Å"The only appropriate and realistic model of the Dr.†patient relationship is paternalism. Doctors are the medical experts; most patients have little, if any, reliable medical knowledge; implicit trust in one’s physician is essential to the healing process; and doctors have the responsibility for our health and therefore have the duty to make all the important medical decisions.† Critically assess that claim. The issueRead MorePhil 201 Study Guide Essay2453 Words   |  10 Pagesstructure† term by Peter Berger, which means today’s messages are subtly embedded in our culture. We are adopting beliefs without much reflection. ~Phil mindset approaches new info critically. Questioning, reflecting, and considering the meaning, value and truthfulness of what we see, read and hear. ~To adopt a phil mindset is to recognize that phil is not just an academic activity within a college course. May be starting point, but really thinking philosophically entails a specific approach toRead MorePersuasive Essay On My Grandmothers Death733 Words   |  3 PagesFor instance, Huttman asks, â€Å"Did we really believe that we had a right to force â€Å"life† on a suffering man who had begged for the right to die?† (344). Although, I do disagree with the Phil Donahue Show’s audience calling Huttmann a murderer, because she did not kill anyone at all. She only let Mac die when his body said that the time was right. Huttman experiences his death, â€Å"Then there was one soft sigh and I felt his hands go cold in mine. â€Å"Mac?† I whispered, as I waited for his chest to rise andRead MoreEssay on Phil 1600 Ch 3 Questions685 Words   |  3 Pages1. What Role does Inner conflict play in human moral development? a. Inner conflict often plays the role of motivation in the human moral development. According to the book, an addict has to â€Å"hit bottom† in order to begin the recovery journey. Another example would be a college dropout who ends up struggling in the real world, unhappy with his life and decides to go back to school to pursue a career. 2. What role does fear of change play in human moral development? a. It plays a role of survivalRead Moredsfsdsfs4469 Words   |  18 Pagesfor each payment, which will include a link to easy cancellation instructions. Essay From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Essay (disambiguation). Essays of Michel de Montaigne An essay is generally a short piece of writing written from an author s personal point of view, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, politicalRead MorePhil 201 Study Guide Lesson 10 Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesStudy Guide: Lesson 10 What is Knowledge? Lesson Overview With this lesson, we begin a new unit on epistemology, which is the philosophical study of knowledge claims. In this first lesson on epistemology, we begin by examining the question â€Å"What do we mean when we say we know something?† What exactly is knowledge? We will begin with a presentation that introduces the traditional definition of knowledge. Wood then discusses some of the basic issues raised in the study of epistemology and thenRead MoreAddictions to Work and Alcohol Essay727 Words   |  3 Pagesphysics and English at Brown University, graduating in 1967. â€Å"The Company Man† essay indicates how an excess of work can take over an individual’s life by having emotional impact on the people around them on a daily basis. â€Å"Under Influence† essay shows the readers a family experience with one of the immoral habits, which is the alcoholism. The readers can realize the common purpose of each author writing on both essays is to warn the general public about the negative effects of some of the evil habits

The Significance of the Players in Hamlet Essay - 899 Words

The Significance of the Players in Hamlet Most characters in Hamlet present themselves as something other than themselves or how as we, the audience, or another character thinks they should appear. Two of the main characters in this play, Hamlet and King Claudius, are constantly acting as something other than their true nature. Ironically, the characters that invoke changes in Hamlet and King Claudius to reveal their real personalities are the players, merely actors themselves, not showing true emotion: (in this short analysis, I will attempt to display the truth revealed by the players) they agitate King Claudius and allow Hamlet to see their appearance as more accurate to the truth than the appearance of real life†¦show more content†¦The players speech was meant to strike emotion into a cowardly Hamlet, or the play would be going in circles because up to this point, Hamlet does not know what to do about what the ghost has told him. It also suggests an idea to Hamlet to see if the actors can muster up emotion or guilt in the king during The Players reenactment of King Hamlets death. Since his confrontation with the ghost, Hamlet has been fickle on his decision and of the ghosts credibility, but now he knows how to reveal the guilt within King Claudius and takes action due to The Players. Through acts 1 and 2, the audience sees virtually no personality in King Claudius. Only in act 3, scene 1, are we shown that maybe the King has something on his mind when he responds to a conversation between Polonius and Ophelia. Polonius tells his daughter that it is okay to pretend and the King responds in an aside saying, How smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience! (49). I feel as though Shakespeare is working up the audiences suspicion of the King for when he is confronted by the performance of the players. Finally, in act 3, scene 2, we are shown the true nature of King Claudius. The players enact the same scenario described to Hamlet by the ghost. The King rises and calls for lights, showing the players, Hamlet, and the audience that what has just been acted has shocked him tremendously.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 886 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The play’s the thing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hamlet 2.2 .581) The meta-theatrical play The Mousetrap is central to Hamlet. The play-within-a play is a catalyst to the plot and works to illuminate character. This essay will argue that the scene places Hamlet into the role of a playwright who employs theatrical conventions in order to manipulate his audience rather than entertain. Hamlet transforms The Mousetrap play into an accusatory analogy of King Claudius. This scene also largely contrasts the playwright ShakespeareRead MoreSomething and Nothing in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagesasks Hamlet What is my Lord? and Hamlet replies Nothing.(3.2. 109,111) Shakespeare uses nothing multifariously in his tragic play   Hamlet.   Nothing becomes a way for the reader to draw parallels between Young Hamlet, and his slain father.   Young Hamlets   use of   the word nothing, consistently borders on the realm of something. Still, nothing is more than a   mere lack of something, nothing is the catalyst that enables the reader to see the coalescency that exists between Hamlet, andRead MoreComparision Of Hamlet With Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Are Dead1306 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet that has been greatly influenced due to an external contextual shift. The sixteenth century Elizabethan historical and social context, accentuating a time of questioning had specific values which are transformed and altered in Stoppard’s Existential, post two-world wars twentieth century historical and social context. The processes of transformation that are evident allow the shifts in ideas, values and external contexts to be clearly depicted. This demonstrates the significance of theRead MoreSignificance Of Soliloquies In Hamlet1171 Words   |  5 Pageshowever, that is not the question trying to be answered here. What significance does Hamlet’s other six soliloquies add to the text? Hamlet, one of Shakespeare’s most popular works, has become an iconic piece of literature in Engl ish history. Hamlet’s seven soliloquies show his shift as a character throughout the entirety of the piece. By taking a deeper look into each of his monologues, one can become more aware of the plot at hand. Hamlet first gives the reader a feel for his actions in his first soliloquyRead MoreCharacters in Hamlet and Claudius1750 Words   |  7 Pagesdistracted lover responding to Ophelias apparent rejection of him? How well has she obeyed her fathers orders in 1.3? When Ophelia enters the scene she cries that she has been frightened by Hamlets strange behavior. While she was sowing in her room Hamlet barged in with dirty and messed up clothes, looking pitiful and insane. He then went up to Ophelia and held her wrist while stroking the side of her face, nodding three times and sighing profoundly, then subsequently leaving her. It was surprisingRead MoreRosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead versus Hamlet Essay1101 Words   |  5 Pagesare Dead, written in the 1960s by playwright Tom Stoppard, is a transforation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Stoppard effectively relocates Shakespeare’s play to the 1960s by reassessing and revaluating the themes and characters of Hamlet and considering core values and attitudes of the 1960s- a time significantly different to that of Shakespeare. He relies on the audience’s already established knowledge of Hamlet and transforms a revenge tragedy into an Absurd drama, which shifts the focus from roya lty toRead MoreThe Theme of Knowledge in Hamlet Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesKnowledge in Hamlet What may be true to one person is not always true to another. There are huge factors to take into account like a difference in opinion, secrets, or lies. Another important aspect of information is what is done with it, since knowledge is power. The need to verify information is always as great as the need for it in the first place. These are all central pieces to consider when evaluating a theme of knowledge. This theme is especially noteworthy in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a playRead More Isolation as the Root of Hamlets Torment Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesTorment Does Hamlet stand alone? Does this magnate of English literature hold any bond of fellowship with those around him, or does he forge through his quandaries of indecision, inaction and retribution in solitude? Though the young Dane interacts with Shakespeares entire slate of characters, most of his discourse lies beneath a cloud of sarcasm, double meaning and contempt. As each member of Claudius royal court offers their thickly veiled and highly motivated speech Hamlet retreats furtherRead MoreThe Human Condition and Ideologies in Hamlet by Willliam Shakespeare1522 Words   |  7 Pages Hamlet Texts reflect their context and paradigms but transcendental texts that explore aspects of humanity can resonate through time and remain relevant and accessible to audiences. William Shakespeare’s introspective play, Hamlet, explores the complexity of the human condition by reflecting ideologies such as justice, loyalty and morality. Although these deeply human ideas ensure the plays resonance, they are somewhat secondary to the depths of Hamlet’s human struggle. These thematic concernsRead MoreThe Tragedy of Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagesand Guildenstern Are Dead adapts the formal revenge tragedy of Hamlet to a more contemporary Absurdist black comedy. Resounding with the original through its intertextual allusion, yet maintaining integrity as a separate text, the play illustrates Stoppard’s Post-modern existentialist context. This recognises that the 20th century absurdist audience no longer hold Elizabethan beliefs. Scenes are e xtracted from the Shakespearean Hamlet and reproduced for the contemporary context, relevant to the 1960s

Was Aristotle Right or Wrong free essay sample

Was Aristotle Right or Wrong? Jennifer L. Chadwick Grand Canyon University Biology Concepts Lab June 1, 2011 Resource 1: Was Aristotle Right or Wrong? Directions The exercise below presents a scenario that begins with an observation made by Aristotle (4th century BC). The theory of Spontaneous Generation, which suggests that life originated from inanimate matter, was popular in the ancient world. Your assignment is to apply the scientific method beginning with Aristotle’s observation by answering the questions in this document.All your responses to this assignment should be based on the information given on â€Å"Was Aristotle Right or Wrong? † Scenario Imagine that you live in the 4th century BC. You and Aristotle (your friend and companion of many years) are talking about the many wonders of the universe when your friend makes the following observation: â€Å"So with animals, some spring from parent animals according to their kind, whilst others grow spontaneously and not from kindred stock; and of these instances of spontaneous generation some come from putrefying earth or vegetable matter, as is the case with a number of insects†¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Aristotle Right or Wrong? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Wilkins, 2004, para. 12) Well, you think to yourself, Aristotle is a really good friend and an equally great guy, but you aren’t so sure about this Spontaneous generation thing. Just because he observed insects arising from spoiled vegetables doesn’t mean that these bugs just appeared out of the blue. Insects dont just spontaneously arise from spoiled vegetables or, do they? You decide to do a little research of your own by following the steps of the Scientific Method. I. Observation/QuestionIf vegetables are covered then no insects will hatch. III. Prediction This is more specific than your hypothesis. What do you predict will happen in your experiment? Your prediction will include a statement concerning the predicted affect of your independent variable. By changing the environment that the vegetables are stored in and also the climate but keeping the vegetables covered the vegetables will not produce insects. IV. Experimental Design Design an experiment as a tool to find out if your prediction is right or wrong.Remember that good experiments do not set out to prove that a hypothesis is correct, but to test whether or not it is wrong. Four bunches of carrots, open basket, Tupperware container, and cellophane. The control group bunch left on a plate, uncovered on the counter. One test group outside in a basket, one test group in the refrigerator in cellophane and one test group in Tupperware on a shelf inside a kitchen cupboard. Never open or unwrap the containers the carrots are in, just observe through the plastic every 12 hours until they begin to rot. Once they begin to rot I will observe more frequently. The Independent Variable The independent variable is the variable that you intentionally change. Independent variable is the climate the vegetables are kept in. The Dependent Variable The dependent variable is the variable that is being measured. This is your data. It is the difference between the experimental group and the control groups after you adjust the independent variable. I will observe what happens regarding the insects by what I did to change the environment they are kept in. The Controlled Variables Controlled variables are the vegetables. GCU style is not required for the document as a whole, but solid writing skill is expected. The experiment had three test subjects, carrots wrapped in cellophane in the fridge, carrots in Tupperware in a kitchen cupboard and carrots in a basket sitting outside. The control was carrots left on a plate on the counter. This experiment could be conducted with different vegetables, fruits and even meats at different times of the year and in different climates and I believe the results would be the same. Covered fruits, veggies or meats may get gross and smelly if left to rot but will not birth insects.

Too Big to Fail

The too big to fail is a concept that certain banks or financial institutions cannot be let to fail, since their failure would have too much effect on the general economy thus causing financial disability on the national and even international financial systems (A dictionary of Business and Management 2).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Too Big to Fail specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reasoning behind the â€Å"too big to fail† concept is that if a bank or financial institution that does business with a lot other businesses in the economy was to fail, then the rebound effect would be too much for the economy to handle. As such, the central bank is obligated to bail such financial institutions out, not so much for the sake of the individual institution, but to shield the economy from the consequences of the closure. According to the (A Dictionary of Business and Management 45), the too big to f ail concept contends that once the central bank bails the bank, the bank willingly takes on more risks to make business more viable. The too big to fail theory is only applicable to large financial institutions connected to other financial institutions (Wessel 5). Investors who do business with the too big to fail institutions are a less worried lot than their counterpart who trade with ordinary financial institutions because they have a â€Å"taxpayer subsidy†, which cushions them against losses (Wessel 12). However, not all financial institutions get the bail out as indicated in the theory. In 1995, Baring Brothers, a London based Merchant Bank was not bailed out as would have been anticipated because the Bank of England did not see any risk to the financial systems in the country that could be caused by its failure. Further, it was established that the Baring Brothers had failed due to irregular trading the bank had in Singapore’s derivates market (A Dictionary of B usiness Management 16). The too big to fail concept is a reaction to the continued mergers and acquisitions in the financial sectors, which leads to a complexity of financial institutions. According to (Folkerts-Landau et al 13), consolidation is mainly motivated by cost saving measures, or revenue enhancement motives. In the wake of globalization, such financial conglomerates are no longer content with working inside territorial boundaries (A Dictionary of Business Management 25). This means that they are more willing to explore the international markets. Consequently, this exposes them to more risks.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a free market economy, it is only plausible that market forces would close banks that do not meet their credit obligations (Hetzel 7). However, this does not happen with too big to fail financial institutions. Traditionally, the regu lation of the banking sector was the mandate of bank regulators. With the increased diversification of the financial institutions, which includes mergers among banks, insurance companies and even funds management, banking regulators are finding themselves more as observers, rather than regulators. This is mainly because with the diversification of the financial firms, systemic regulation which was the forte of the banking regulators is overwhelmed by the mere complexity. More to this, the management of financial conglomerates is more integrated laying little emphasis on legal entities and functional regulatory authorities of national borders. Considering this, often complex financial transactions that such conglomerates handle, the occurrence of failure in the big financial institutions leans more towards systemic failures than anything else. There is contention among financial analysts about the effect of too-big-to-fail. While one group maintains that it is a good policy to ensure that economies do not suffer as a result of a financial conglomerate going bankrupt, others (Dowd 1; Bebchuk 1) contends that this concept encourages financial institutions to take irresponsible risk, with the full knowledge that they are assured of survival since the government cannot after all let them fail. â€Å"The Too big to fail concept resulted from a deficiency in bankruptcy arrangements for banks† (Hetzel 3). Such sentiments are aired because unlike nonfinancial institutions which are subject to bankruptcy arrangements should they fail to meet their financial obligations; banks are exempted from bankruptcy law. In its place, banks and other financial institutions can continue with normal operations as policy makers determine whether they are viable or not. This approach is adopted because though banks may fail to meet their short term credit obligations, they are usually viable for restructuring. More to this, it is agreeable that even when a financial institution cannot be restructured, giving it time to liquidate its assets over a length of time results in more value than immediate closure. In the absence of bankruptcy laws for the financial institutions, the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (at least in the United States) has been mandated with coming up with an â€Å"informal discount window† for financial institutions for purposes of preventing abrupt closure. As such, too big to fail is perceived as a concept that arose mainly from pressures arising from unsatisfactory arrangements for closing bankrupt banks, rather from conscious decisions by policy makers (Hetzel 6).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Too Big to Fail specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A recent activity in the financial market was testimony to the Too big to fail concept. In the financial crisis that hit the financial markets across the world starting 2007 to 2009, Bear Sterns and AIG were among financial institutions that received government bailout. However, Lehman Brothers did not. This left analysts as well as laymen wondering just what banking regulators and supervisors considers when deciding whether a bank is too big to fail. Literature in to this concept (Folkerts-Landau et al 13 ; Rajan 4) indicate that large financial institutions are more likely to be categorized as too big to fail compared to average or small institutions. More to this, the potential cost to taxpayers and the general economy is also weighted before regulators and supervisors decide whether to bailout a bank or not. Notably Lehman Brothers had $691.1 billion book value worth of assets at the time of its closure, while Bear Stearns had $395.4 billion book value of assets when it was bailed out. Too big to fail has a fair share of benefits as well as disadvantages. The benefits include the fact that banks gain favor with uninsured creditors and other participan ts in the market. In addition, too big to fail institutions are able to operate on lower regulatory costs thus increasing the probability of receiving more regulatory leniency. The fact that such institutions have access to the government’s safety net means that they can operate on a lower capital base and funds as compared to other financial institutions (Folkerts-Landau et al 11). The perception that the government would bail out such institutions in an event of a financial crisis allows more uninsured creditors the luxury of doing business with the too big to fail institutions. The disadvantages however seem to outweigh the good since the concept reduces discipline in the financial markets by encouraging excessive risk taking by the financial institutions, creating uneven playing fields for smaller and emerging financial institutions, and costing the government and the tax payer a lot of money, should a bail-out be deemed necessary (Cloutier 4). In the wake of a need to fi nd a solution to the cost that the too big to fail institutions cost the government in bailouts or the entire risk they pose to the economy should they be allowed to fail, several remedies have been suggested.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First, analysts, (Rajan 6; Cloutier 4) suggests that â€Å"bank regulators need resolution authority over the too big to fail institutions, just the same way that the FDIC has resolution authority over banks.† Currently, regulators have no authority over the resolution of banking holding companies or non-banking institutions. More transparency in the financial sectors is also recommended as one of the too big to fail remedy (Rajan 6). Currently, regulators and supervisors only have piecemeal information regarding the operations of most banking institutions. Without such information, supervisors especially have a hard time conducting onsite examination of the financial institutions and their subsidiaries. In an ideal situation, supervisory authorities have the legal mandate to conduct examinations of data provided to them by the banks, verify the same, restrain any unsound practices by the banks and in extreme circumstances, force the banks to exit (Folkerts-Landau et al 13) B reaking up the too big to fail institutions may be the least desirable action to the players, but such an action would be the most ideal to completely resolve the risk issues posed by such institutions to the entire economy (Cloutier 3). This however would be a systemic approach that could take years before enforcement since it would need policy formulation and willingness on the part of the financial players. In an address to congress, (Cloutier 13) stated that â€Å"the prevailing financial system is too concentrated, and lacking the necessary regulation. The four largest banking companies in the United States today control an excess of 40 percent of the country’s deposits, an excess of 50 percent of all assets held by banks in the entire country.† Such concentration is prone to political pressures especially where guarantees on the public sector are needed to guarantee the banks’ liabilities (Folkerts-Landau et al 13). With this statistics, it is rather obvio us that the too big to fail institutions pose a major risk to the economy. Having a more diverse banking sector would not only reduce the risk, but would also promote competition and innovation, in addition to availing consumers more channels of credit and business. Dealing with the already established too big to fail financial institutions or the too-interconnected business which are hard to regulate and manage can be through breaking them up, or forcing them to divest assets (Cloutier 4). The latter would reduce the risk that such institutions pose to the financial systems. More so, preventing others from coming up, through regulating the extent to which a financial institution can grow is also a viable alternative (Rajan 13). With these solutions in mind, it is however proper to acknowledge the process of growth that leads to the too big to fail institutions. Unlike what most people would be tempted to believe, these institutions follow an organic growth path, mainly as a result of efficiency in management and strategic planning. Through expansion and growth, most of them realize the profits that come with business growth. To some, diversification is a mode of risk reduction. As such, a number have invested not only in traditional-like banking systems, but have also diversified their investments into mutual funds and insurance. This makes the remedies suggested above even more hard to enact across the board. Even if regulators and supervisory authorities were given the freehand to handle these banks, the mere amount of books, information and business is just overwhelming (Rajan 4). This is because the institutions have assets, gross-derivatives positions, liabilities, net-derivatives positions, profitability margins and transactions, all which form a reasonable metric through which the regulators can impose a limit. Conclusion The expansion, mergers and acquisitions that led to the creation of too bog to fail institutions is tantamount to mixing commerce an d banking. This is a dangerous precedent that will continue posing systemic risks in the financial sector (Coutier 11). In the United States, the mandate to find lasting solutions to this concept lies with the concept, which has the powers to initiate policy frameworks that would infuse regulation, assessment and the eventual disintegration of financial institutions that are too big for the general good of the economy. Further, it is still within Congress’ mandate to come up with policies that would prevent future concentration of commercial and financial powers in institution since such are the source of the current too big to fail institutions. After all, the phrase â€Å"if it’s too big to fail, it’s probably too big to exist† might contain some wisdom that may shield the financial markets in the future. Works Cited A Dictionary of Business and Management. â€Å"Too Big to Fail†. Encyclopedia.com. 2006. Web. Bebchuk, Lucian. â€Å"AIG still isn ’t Too Big to Fail.† The Wall Street Journal. March 2009. Web. Cloutier, Couns. â€Å"Too Big to Fail: The Role of the Anti-trust Law in Government-Funded Consolidation in the Banking Industry.† Testimony of Mr. C.R. Cloutier, president and CEO, MidSouth Bank, NA. March 2009. Web. Dowd, Kevin. â€Å"Too Big to Fail? Long Term Capital Management and the Federal Reserve.† CATO institute Briefing Papers. No. 51 (1996):1-12. Print. Folkerts-Landau , David. F., Lindgren, Carl-Johan and IMF. Toward a framework for financial stability. New York: International Monetary Fund, 1998. Print. Hetzel, Robert, L. â€Å"Too Big to Fail. Origins, Consequences, and Outlook.† Economic Review. (1991): 4-13. Rajan, Raghuram. â€Å"Too Systemic to Fail: Consequences, causes and Potential remedies.†Written Statement to the Senate Banking Committee Hearings. May 6, 2009. Web. Wessel, David. â€Å"Three Theories on Solving the ‘Too Big to Fail’ Probl em.† The Wall Street Journal. October 29, 2009. Web. This research paper on Too Big to Fail was written and submitted by user Robert Mcfadden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Too Big to Fail